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We Reffill Laser Inkjet Cartridges, Laser Printer service. We buy old and used cartridges printer
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PDC 3 GB, 320 GB, DVD Webcam 14" blue tooth wi-fi for Rs 31,900/-
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Brand New Computers

Brand New Computer Systems will be assembled, Upgraded as per your requirements. We also buy/sell used systems.
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False Ceiling at Best Price

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We undertake 4-1/2 dia upto 400, 6-1/2 dia upto 1700 feet drilling. Please contact Uday kumar: 9966029966

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Sales Boys, Sales Girls and Helpers. Contact with Biodata atGarlic, MPM Mall (Big Bazaar) Opp G.O.P Abids

Data Entry Operators Required

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Contact: 09642563612, 040-65249041

THE FUSS ABOUT FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES ACCUMULATION

Over the last decade, central banks around the world have quadrupled the size their foreign exchange reserves. The case of china, which multiplied its own stock by a factor of ten, is often mentioned as an example of there excesses, but china is not alone.


visit:http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/182

satish......,26 june

FOREX RESERVES IN INDIA

India's Forex reserves declined by $ 1089 billion to $261317 billion for the week ended 5th june as compared to $26206 billion in the previous week.
During the period, the foreign currency assets, dipped by $ 1.089 billion to 250.367 billion as compared to $251456 billion in the previous week, the reserve bank said in its weekly data.


visit for details:http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/Economy/India-s-Forex-Reserves.html


satish......,26 june

WELCOME TO THE NEW MONEY TEC

At MoneyTec, we understand trading. And we understand that you can't settle for anything but the best. That is why we are here.

The financial world is changing. So is MoneyTec

visit: http://www.moneytec.com/forums/f21/forex-trading-india-17066/


satish......,26 june

GETTING STARTED IN FOREX

Sniping or Hunting- Sniping and Hunting- or permaturely buying or selling near preset points- are shady acts committed by brokers to increase profits. Obviously, no broker admits to committing there act, but a notion that a broker has practiced snipping or hunting is commonly believed to be true.


for that visit:http://www.theindiastreet.com/forum/forex-market-news-and-discussions/getting-started-in-forex

satish........,26 june

INTRODUCTION TO TRADING FOREX

Foreign Exchange This short introduction explains the basics of trading Forex online, a brief explanation of the markets and the major benefits of trading Forex online. There are also two scenarios describing the implications of trading in a bear as well as a bull market to better acquaint you with some of the largest and most liquid market in the world.
For clear and complete details Please visit:
http://www.forextrading.com/articles/HowToTrade.aspx



satish.......,26 june

WORLD'S FAVORITE CURRENCY SITE

If you want to know the convertion rates of FOREX or if you want to see the a converter table, you better visit the world's best and favorite currency and foreign exchange site.

Please visit this site that site will let you know very briefly about conversions and conversion table.

http://www.xe.com


satish.......,26 june

STATE BANK OF INDIA TO EYE NRIs IN BRITAIN, US, UAE

Enthused by a massive 54 per cent growith rate in its international loan book, the country's largest lender, State Bank of India, is planning to strengthen its presence in countries including the US and the UK which have strong India links.

satish ............... 26 June

PEROT SYSTEMS CORPORATION ON EXPANSION MODE

Perot Systems Corporation on Thursday opened its office in the city for expanding its engineering service capabilities.
The new facility marks the company's sixth major office in India and is part of Perot Systems global delivery network, which links Information Technology services and business-process specialists in the united States, Asia Pacific, EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa) and Latin America.

satish ............. 26 June

AIG moves to spin off two units

American International Group Inc. said on wednesday it will reduce outstanding federal loans by $25 billion by giving the government a preferred stake in two units that will be spun off from the insurance giant.

satish ............ 26 June

INFLATION RISES ON FOOD PRICE

Driven by higher prices of food items like pulses, cereals, milk, and fruit and vegetables, inflation rose marginally to minus 1.14 per cent against (-)1.61 per cent in the previous week.

satish .......... 26 June

THE FINANCIAL EXPRESS

INDIA'S FOREX RESERVES UP BY $4.356 bn:
Mumbai, February 9:
India's foreign exchange reserves increased by USD 4.356 Billion to stand at USD 292.672 billion for the week ended February one.

satish ........... 26 June

ECONOMIC CRISIS EASED: S.KOREA

South Korea has said the econmic downturn has eased and it now expects a contraction of 1.5 per cent this year compared with the 2 per cent shrinkage predicted earlier.
"The economic downturn has eased, with some indicators pointing to an improvement, but the recovery is still weak," the ministry of strategy and finance said in an outlook report. The ministry left its forecast for four per cent growth next year unchanged.

satish ............... 26 June

COINMILL.COM - THE CURRENCY CONVERTER

Indian Rupee (INR) Currency Exchange Rate Conversion Calculator.

satish ................ 26 June

LITEFOREX

LiteForex offers revolutionary trading technology for beginner traders, and lets you start trading in the Forex market depositing just ONE DOLLAR! Your deposit appears in US cents on the Lite group accounts, so you feel like you are trading the same amount in US Dollars. This new technology allows Forex beginners to learn Forex in a REAL life situation with minimal investment.
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satish ............... 26 June

BEARS SHRINK HNWIs CLUB

The collaps of the stock market following the global financial crisis took a high toll on the High Net Worth Individuals (HNWI) in India. Their numbers dwindled from 1,23,000 to 84,000.
Hong Kong saw the biggest decline in HNWI at 61.3 per cent while India came second at 31.6 per cent. Japan which accounts for more than 50 per cent of the HNWI in the Asia Pacific region suffered a relatively mild decline at 9.9 per cent.

satish .............. 26 June

FOREX ASSOCIATION OF INDIA

The Forex Association of India, affiliated to "Association of Cambiste Internationale", Paris is a national Organisation whose members are Treasury managers, Foireign Exchange Dealers and Foreign Exchange Brokers who are actively involved in Foreign Exchange Trading and Foreign Exchange Risk Management.
visit us: www.forexindia.org

satish .............. 26 June

SOLUTION FOR YOUR FOREX NEED - SUN FOREX PVT LTD

SUN FOREX pvt Ltd is a Reserve Bank of india, authorised Full Fledged Money changer and Associated compnay of Sun forex is one of the Leading INBOUND Adventure Tour operator of India.
visit us : www.sunforex.biz

satish ............ 26 June

IDBI Bank cuts BPLR by 0.25%

IDBI BANK on thursday cut its BPLR by 0.25 per cent. with this, the bank's BPLR stands at 12.75 per cent from 13 per cent earlier. The reduced rate will come into effect from July 1, a release stated.

satish .............. 26 June

MONETARY POLICY REVIEW ON JULY 28

AMID INDUSTRY'S demand for interest rate cuts, the RBI will come out with the first quarter review of Monetary Policy on July 28.

satish ................ 26 June

77.11 SENSEX CLOSES DOWN. DOUBLE WHAMMY:

The Sensex closed down 77.11 points at 14,345.62 on weak global cues and the monsoon worries.

satish ................... 26 June

TURN YOUR 5 PIP TRADES INTO 100+ PIP TRADES

After 5 years of Development the trading vault is Finally open for years people have been asking us to share our strategies and we are finally ready to tell all to anyone willing to learn

It started with our free jump start strategy and now is being taken to an even higher, more profitable level with the release of our launch pad Forex Trading system.

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satish......,24 june

TRADE WELL ..FOREX TRADING DOESN'T HAVE TO BE COMPLECATED

Trade Well now. Forex trading doesn't have to be complicated at all.
We have found the sweet spot simple strategies that generate lots of pips
email us on jed@forexstrategysecrets.com. and get good and right guidelines and suggestions on your forex related desissions and experience a lavishForex exposure.

visit: http://www.forexstrategysecrets.com/


satish......,24 june

FOREX STRATEGY SECRETS

If you want to only see a few pairs in a larger format then this will be a handy tool. The pop up prices window can be opened by pressing F10.

If you select " Always on the Top" in the context menu of this window, you will be able to watch quotes while working with other applications.



satish.....,24 june

FOREX FUELLING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA & CHINA

Today India's Foreign exchange reserves are around USD 219 billion and in spite of the fact that Foreign Direct Investments (FDI's) are on the increase and India's economy is showing an upward trend, the basic infrastructure still is far from what it should have been for a country of its size and population.

Reason: the infrastructure projects irrigation, power generation, roads,ports, airports, railways, residential and office complexes, health care, education etc. all need a lot of funds.



satish.......,24 june

GO EASY ONLINE TRADING INDIA

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satish.......,24 june

ALPARI LAUNCHES FOREX TRADING PLATFORM IN INDIA

Foreign exchange trading services provider, Alpari today launches its Indian operations by offering its Forex trading platform for institutional and retail customers.

The company, which will initially operate from Mumbai, has targeted to acquire at least 1,000 clients in the next six months, Alpari's Head of Global Sales, Andreas Wigstrom told reporters here.

"Alpari India will create a new investment medium, provide an institution level trading experience for retail investors and present heading opportunities for the corporates at a lower cost," Wigstrom said.



satish......,24 june

INDIA POST TO START FOREX BUSINESS IN JHARKHAND BY MONTH-END

India Pot in assiciation with HDFC Bank, will undertake foreign exchange dealings in Jharkhand by the end of April. To start with, three main post ofices in Dhanbad, Bokaro and Ranchi have been chosen to start operations. "India Post has tied up with HDFC Bank to vend foreign exchange from our selected outlets," Jharkand chief Postmaster- General RRP Singh told FE on Wednesday.

India Post has filed an application with the Reserve Bank to Include Jamshedpur as the fourth centre from where it wants to deal in forex. As to how many post offices in the state could deliver the forex service, Singh said." It depends on HDFC Bank's comfort level. I am prepared to take it to most of the post office in the state."


satish.......,24 june

WHAT IS MEANT BY FOREX?

Foreign Exchange (FOREX) is the arena where a nation's currency is exchanged for that of another. The foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in the world, with the equivalent of over $1.9 trillion changing hands daily, more than three times the aggregate amount of the US Equity and Treasury markts combined. Unlike other financial markets, the FOREX market has no Physical location and no central exchange (off-exchange).

It Operates through a global network of banks, corporations and individuals trading one currency for another. The lack of physical exchange enables the Forex market to operate on a 24- hour basis, spanning from one zone to another in all the major financial centers.



satish........,24 june

EXCHANGE RATE TABLE FOR INDIAN RUPEE

If you want to know the perfect details of Currencies and its value, comparing with another countries currencies, you have a very good and very perfect way. It is exact rates in this site we will get till date currency rates.

Want to check it? then click the following link and yu will get the table.

http://www.x-rates.com/d/INR/table.html


satish........,24 june

WHAT'S NEW WITH RESERVE BANK OF INDIA

*RBI's Technical Advisory Committee on Monetary policy.
*Working Group o Benchmark Prime Lending Rate.
*Data on ECB/FCCB for May 2009.
*RBI-SEBI Committee on Interest Rate Futures.
*Dr.K.C.Chakrabarty takes charge as Deputy Governer.


satish.....,24 june

INVESTING SHARES / EQUITY IS GOOD.

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satish ........ 24 June

INVEST IN

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satish ................ 24 June

TRADING INDIA - GO EASY ONLINE

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satish ............... 24 June

BUSINESS OFFER

Special Anniversary offer come one come all investment 50,000/- for 6 months for genuine 4 years registered computer systems industry, legal agreement / PDCs will be provided. in advance .
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satish .................. 24 June

HANSUM - Requires

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satish .................. 24 June

AI SEEKS $2 bn BAILOUT

Air India, which is strugling to cope with a cash crunch, will ask for a Rs.10,000 crore (about $2 billion) bailout package from the central government, a senior official said.

satish .................. 24 June

NTPC TO INK GSPA WITH RIL

The NTPC on Tuesday said it will sign the gas purchase agreement with Reliance Industries for its gas-based power plants other than the projects for expanding the Kawas and Gandhar units, on which litigation is going on with RIL.

satish ................. 24 June

TAX CUTS IS ON THE TOP OF THE CEMENT INDUSTRY

Cement firms seeks 10% tax cut
5% import Duty
Tax cuts is on the top of the cement industry's wish list for the forthcoming Budget.
The sector wants the government to reduce the taxes that are levied on them to 11 per cent from the current 21 percent.

satish .................. 24 June

2.21 SENSEX CLOSES DOWN, mixed fare:

The Sensex closed down 2.21 Points at 14,324.01 on mixed global cues after the US Markets saw one of its biggest falls on Tuesday.

satish ............... 24 June

MAHINDRA HOLIDAYS & RESORTS INDIA LIMITED

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satish ............. 24 June

DILUTE STAKE IN NAVRATNAS

The New Government at the Centre should dilute its equity in Navratna companies by 20 per cent to mobilise Rs 3 lakh crore for containing the fiscal deficit, the industry body Assocham said "The top priority of the new government should be to dilute its stake in Navratna and mini-Navratnas at least by 20 percent by 2012."

satish ................ 22 June

NEW CRITERIA FOR POWER GENERATION

Electricity Tariffs may change as the Power sector regulator, the (CERC) will soon announce new parameters for determining the cost of generation and transmission for thermal power projects.


satish ............... 22 June

INDIAN PET INDUSTRY BUCKS SLOWDOWN, GROWS AT 15%

One Industry that has bucked the slowdown trend is the Indian pet industry, which is growing at a rate of 15 percent per annum.
Mr Raghav Modi, CEO of PetSetGo - India's first branded pet care and accessories company: " The Indian Pet industry is about Rs.350 crore and it is growing at a rate of 15 per cent. Dogs dominate the pet industry and there are about 40 lakh dogs alone in the six major metros".

satish ........... 22 June

E SCOOTER COS SEEK REGULATOR

The Society of Electric Vehicles Manufacturers 9SEVM) has urged the governement to set up a regulatory authority for the e-scooter industry to control local manufacturers.

satish ................ 22 June

E FORES INDIA.... A PLATFORM TO MANAGE FOREX RISK

eforex india.com was conceptualized to provide a platform for Corporates, exporters,importers and individuals to manage their foreign exchange risk in an effective manner as well to provide an economical pathway to real time prices and financial news. This portal on risk management has been designed after extensive researches gained from our years of experiences from inter bank-dealing operations.
This B2B Portal is the principal property of SCD Financial Services which was set up in 1994 at New Delhi, India. SCD FINANCIAL SERVICES, which was established with an objective to provide professional and authoritative advisory services in the field of Currency Hdeging and Forecasting has come a long way and has built up a strong clinetele all over India within a very short span of time.

contact: eforexindia.com



satish.....,22 june

I C A I TAX AUDIT

The Institute of Charterd Accountants of India (ICAI) on Friday gave relaxation to those internal auditors who were also appointed as tax auditors before December 2008

satish ............ 22 June

AUTO SECTOR FOR MORE TAX RELIEF

With the hope of seing a turnaround in the near future, the Indian auto industry expects the new government to continue to support the slump-hit sector.

satish .............. 22 June

TRADER'S DESKTOP- A VPS DESIGNED FOR ONLINE RRADERS

Commercial Network Services a Windows 2003 VPS for online Traders. It is Trader's Desktop a VPS designed exclusively for online traders. Choose between San Diego and New York city data centers. EA's by subscription Review its subscription expert advisonr for Meta Trader. Its easy to run your own, too.


visit: www.commercialnetwoekservices.com



satish.....,22 june

ACHIEVE THE BUSINESS SUCCESS YOU HAVE ALWAYS WANTED

TATA AIG Life is one of India's fastest growing insurance companies and we are now looking for young enterpreneurs ready to take on an exciting opportunity as part of our Business Service Partner Programme.

satish ........... 22 June

DELTASTOCK A ONLINE FORES & STOCK BROKER

Deltastock is a fully licensed investment brokerage regulated under MiFId(EU Directive 2004/39/EC). Since its incorporation, back in 1998, Deltastock has been providing ntegrated online trading services to clients from all segments, leveraging on technology, innovation and human resources, and adopting the best ethical practices.

A comoetitive FOREX and Stock Brokerage, Deltastock AD has been driven by the mission to provide comprehensive solutions for online trading on the global financial markets to individual and institutional investors.


contact : www.deltastock.com


satish.....,22 june

GIVE 100% SECURITY COVER : SEBI

The Market regulator SEBI on Monday made it mandatory for companies seeking listing of corporate bonds and other bebt instruments to maintain adequate security cover for them at all times.
The 100 perent security cover for listed debt instruments will have to be provided by listed as well as unlisted companies, Sebi said, while issuing the guidelines for the listing agreement for debt securities.

satish ............ 22 June

FOREX OVERVIEW ON 22 JUNE

The Yen advanced against the Dollar and Euro is Asia Monday as players took profit on riskier currencies, taking cues from lackluster Japanese stock markets while adjusting positions before the coming Federal Reserve policy meeting.

The Yen rose about a third of a Yen to JPY95.78 from New York late Friday. The unit also gained almost one Yen to JPY133.17 . Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 stock average index fell into negative territory several minutes after it opened up.


satish.....,22 june

INSURE YOUR TRIP AND YOUR STAY ABROAD

OVERSEAS TRAVEL INSURANCE FROM ICICI LOMBARD:
The Overseas Travel insurance cover unexpected medical and Non medical expenses when you are travelling abroad.
Please visit : www.icicilombard.com

satish ......... 22 June

COMPETITION NOW IS A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL

Even as the World is reeling under a slowdown with the fear of an outsourcing backlash lurking around, the BPO industry in the country is somewhat sangfroid, according to P V Kannan, Co-founder and CEO,24x7 Customer Inc, a leading BPO, as he explains the reasons behind to.

The U.S Government looked at outsourcing differently depending on the economic situation. That is a common thing whenever there is a business slowdown as it happened a couple of times in the last nine years.



satish.....,22 june

BSE GETS NEW MD & CEO

The Board of the Bombay Stock exchange on Monday announced the appointment of Mr Madhu Kannan as managing director and chief executive officer of the BSE.
Mr Kannan Joins the BSE from Bank of America - Merrill Lynch where he was managing director in the corporate strategy group.

satish ............. 22 June

WEAK MONSOON INFLUIENCING DALAL STREET

A Clear blue sky in June is slowly emerging to be a cause of concern for Dalal street. A number of brokers have already put their investors on alert. In case the Monsoon is substantially bellow normal there may be chance of weakness in the market and additional pain on the fiscal status.

The amount of rainfall that the whole country received was about 54% less than the 10- year average for the corresponding period according to an official weather report. The stock market is going to be influenced by Monsoons very much this year.




satish.....,22 june

BEST PERFORMING INFRA FUND IN INDIA

Invest in India's best performing Infrastructure Fund.
ICICI Prudential Infrastructure Fund, Which have more than doubled investments in 3 years and 9 months @27.13% CAGR

fast performance is no guarantee of future results and may or maynot be Sustained in future.

ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund.
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satish....., 22 june

THE INSURANCE JAINT

The insurance company with The Highest strike rate in the world.
LIC the biggest insurance company in India maintains a very high claim settlement rate in the World.


insurance is hte subject matter of solicitation.

Life Insurance Corporation of India
www.licindia.in


satish.....,22 june

ICICI's CUSTOMER EDUCATION SERIES

Did you know this?
If you have multiple loans, you can consolidate them into a single debt with a Loan Against Property. This is Provided you have repaid completely any home loan that you may have taken for buying the property.
Owning a home of one's own is everyone's dream. Being the proud owner of your own home means you can live life your onw way in your own home.


Please mail at icicibank.comor send sms to 53030



satish.....,22 june

FISCAL DEFICIT WILL NOT BE VERY HIGH

The planning commission on Sunday said the Fiscal Deficit would be High but not be in "double digits". "Bankers are always concerned about the size of the government's borrowing. Because it is very large, many of them think that the interest rate on government debt will rise and they would rather retain liquidity now in order to invest in high-yield-ing government bonds," Planning commission deputy Chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia said.

He also said that he dont want to speculate on any of the Budget numbers, but he have no doubdt that Fiscal Deficit will not be in 'Double Digits'.




satish.....,22 june

Exchange-Traded Fund

Exchange-traded funds (or ETFs) are open ended investment companies that can be traded at any time throughout the course of the day. Typically, ETFs try to replicate a stock market index such as the S&P 500 (e.g., SPY), but recently they are now replicating investments in the currency markets with the ETF increasing in value when the US Dollar weakens versus a specific currency, such as the Euro. Certain of these funds track the price movements of world currencies versus the US Dollar, and increase in value directly counter to the US Dollar, allowing for speculation in the US Dollar for US and US Dollar denominated investors and speculators.

Money Transfer/Remittance Companies

Money transfer companies/remittance companies perform high-volume low-value transfers generally by economic migrants back to their home country. In 2007, the Aite Group estimated that there were $369 billion of remittances (an increase of 8% on the previous year). The four largest markets (India, China, Mexico and the Philippines) receive $95 billion. The largest and best known provider is Western Union with 345,000 agents globally.

Non-bank Foreign Exchange Companies

Non-bank foreign exchange companies offer currency exchange and international payments to private individuals and companies. These are also known as foreign exchange brokers but are distinct in that they do not offer speculative trading but currency exchange with payments. I.e., there is usually a physical delivery of currency to a bank account.
It is estimated that in the UK, 14% of currency transfers/payments are made via Foreign Exchange Companies. These companies' selling point is usually that they will offer better exchange rates or cheaper payments than the customer's bank. These companies differ from Money Transfer/Remittance Companies in that they generally offer higher-value services.

Retail foreign exchange brokers

There are two types of retail brokers offering the opportunity for speculative trading: retail foreign exchange brokers and market makers. Retail traders (individuals) are a small fraction of this market and may only participate indirectly through brokers or banks. Retail brokers, while largely controlled and regulated by the CFTC and NFA might be subject to foreign exchange scams. At present, the NFA and CFTC are imposing stricter requirements, particularly in relation to the amount of Net Capitalization required of its members. As a result many of the smaller, and perhaps questionable brokers are now gone. It is not widely understood that retail brokers and market makers typically trade against their clients and frequently take the other side of their trades. This can often create a potential conflict of interest and give rise to some of the unpleasant experiences some traders have had. A move toward NDD (No Dealing Desk) and STP (Straight Through Processing) has helped to resolve some of these concerns and restore trader confidence, but caution is still advised in ensuring that all is as it is presented.

Investment management firms

Investment management firms (who typically manage large accounts on behalf of customers such as pension funds and endowments) use the foreign exchange market to facilitate transactions in foreign securities. For example, an investment manager bearing an international equity portfolio needs to purchase and sell several pairs of foreign currencies to pay for foreign securities purchases.
Some investment management firms also have more speculative specialist currency overlay operations, which manage clients' currency exposures with the aim of generating profits as well as limiting risk. Whilst the number of this type of specialist firms is quite small, many have a large value of assets under management (AUM), and hence can generate large trades.

Hedge funds as speculators

About 70% to 90% of the foreign exchange transactions are speculative. In other words, the person or institution that bought or sold the currency has no plan to actually take delivery of the currency in the end; rather, they were solely speculating on the movement of that particular currency. Hedge funds have gained a reputation for aggressive currency speculation since 1996. They control billions of dollars of equity and may borrow billions more, and thus may overwhelm intervention by central banks to support almost any currency, if the economic fundamentals are in the hedge funds' favor

Central banks

National central banks play an important role in the foreign exchange markets. They try to control the money supply, inflation, and/or interest rates and often have official or unofficial target rates for their currencies. They can use their often substantial foreign exchange reserves to stabilize the market. Milton Friedman argued that the best stabilization strategy would be for central banks to buy when the exchange rate is too low, and to sell when the rate is too high—that is, to trade for a profit based on their more precise information. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of central bank "stabilizing speculation" is doubtful because central banks do not go bankrupt if they make large losses, like other traders would, and there is no convincing evidence that they do make a profit trading.
The mere expectation or rumor of central bank intervention might be enough to stabilize a currency, but aggressive intervention might be used several times each year in countries with a dirty float currency regime. Central banks do not always achieve their objectives. The combined resources of the market can easily overwhelm any central bank. Several scenarios of this nature were seen in the 1992–93 ERM collapse, and in more recent times in Southeast Asia.

Commercial companies

An important part of this market comes from the financial activities of companies seeking foreign exchange to pay for goods or services. Commercial companies often trade fairly small amounts compared to those of banks or speculators, and their trades often have little short term impact on market rates. Nevertheless, trade flows are an important factor in the long-term direction of a currency's exchange rate. Some multinational companies can have an unpredictable impact when very large positions are covered due to exposures that are not widely known by other market participants

Banks

The interbank market caters for both the majority of commercial turnover and large amounts of speculative trading every day. A large bank may trade billions of dollars daily. Some of this trading is undertaken on behalf of customers, but much is conducted by proprietary desks, trading for the bank's own account. Until recently, foreign exchange brokers did large amounts of business, facilitating interbank trading and matching anonymous counterparts for small fees. Today, however, much of this business has moved on to more efficient electronic systems. The broker squawk box lets traders listen in on ongoing interbank trading and is heard in most trading rooms, but turnover is noticeably smaller than just a few years ago

Market participants

Unlike a stock market, where all participants have access to the same prices, the foreign exchange market is divided into levels of access. At the top is the inter-bank market, which is made up of the largest investment banking firms. Within the inter-bank market, spreads, which are the difference between the bid and ask prices, are razor sharp and usually unavailable, and not known to players outside the inner circle. The difference between the bid and ask prices widens (from 0-1 pip to 1-2 pips for some currencies such as the EUR). This is due to volume. If a trader can guarantee large numbers of transactions for large amounts, they can demand a smaller difference between the bid and ask price, which is referred to as a better spread. The levels of access that make up the foreign exchange market are determined by the size of the “line” (the amount of money with which they are trading). The top-tier inter-bank market accounts for 53% of all transactions. After that there are usually smaller investment banks, followed by large multi-national corporations (which need to hedge risk and pay employees in different countries), large hedge funds, and even some of the retail FX-metal market makers. According to Galati and Melvin, “Pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds, and other institutional investors have played an increasingly important role in financial markets in general, and in FX markets in particular, since the early 2000s.” (2004) In addition, he notes, “Hedge funds have grown markedly over the 2001–2004 period in terms of both number and overall size” Central banks also participate in the foreign exchange market to align currencies to their economic needs.

Foreign exchange market

The foreign exchange market (currency, forex, or FX) is where currency trading takes place. It is where banks and other official institutions facilitate the buying and selling of foreign currencies.FX transactions typically involve one party purchasing a quantity of one currency in exchange for paying a quantity of another. The foreign exchange market that we see today started evolving during the 1970s when worldover countries gradually switched to floating exchange rate from their erstwhile exchange rate regime, which remained fixed as per the Bretton Woods system till 1971.
Presently, the FX market is one of the largest and most liquid financial markets in the world, and includes trading between large banks, central banks, currency speculators, corporations, governments, and other financial institutions. The average daily volume in the global foreign exchange and related markets is continuously growing. Traditional daily turnover was reported to be over US$3.2 trillion in April 2007 by the Bank for International Settlement. Since then, the market has continued to grow. According to Euromoney's annual FX Poll, volumes grew a further 41% between 2007 and 2008.
The purpose of FX market is to facilitate trade and investment. The need for a foreign exchange market arises because of the presence of multifarious international currencies such as US Dollars, Euros, Japanese yen, Pounds Sterling, etc., and the need for trading in such currencies.